AI-driven mangrove mapping on Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia: enhancing the detection of dispersed patches with ML classifiers
JUNE 1, 2025
Machine learning models, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boost (GB), and an ensemble approach were employed using spectral indices such as NDVI, MNDWI, SR, GCVI, and LST. The ensemble model achieved an overall accuracy (OA) of 92.2% and a kappa coefficient (KC) of 0.84. OA and 0.76
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